Psychology
50 Introductory Psychology
Unit 2
Development – Cognitive/Motivational/Emotional Dimensions
Dr. Willis F. Overton
Practice
Exam Questions
Spring 2001
1) According to your lecture, mind is best defined as:
. A) the cause of behavior. B) the self.
C) a cognitive process. D) an active system of meanings
2) According to your lecture, which of the following is not a dimension of mind?
A) Cognition. B) Sensation
C) Affect D) Motivation
3) The following identify ______________. Wakefulness, Attention to presented stimuli, Attention can be focused and sustained over periods of time, Background emotions flow continuously, Spontaneous behavior is purposeful.
A). Core consciousness B) Extended consciousness
C). Self awareness D) Reflective awareness
4) Processes related to the construction, maintenance, and, implementation of knowledge are:
A) Sociolinguistic processees. B) Linguistic processes.
C) Cognitive processes. D) Affective processes.
5) The parable of the blind men and the elephant is used in your
textbook to help explain the notion of ________ in psychology.
A) perspectives
B)
models C)
syndromes
D) paradigms
6) Thomas Kuhn asserts that the social sciences are divided into
several schools of thought called ___________________.
A) paradigms
B)
perspectives
C) models
D) gestalts
7) Both behaviorist and cognitive perspectives view organisms as
machines that ____________________, but while most behaviorists object to the
concept of mind and consider the mind a black box, cognitive psychologists
____________________.
A) require
external stimuli to become motivated . . . view the mind as an evolving entity
B) should
be subjected to the experimental method . . . infer mental processes from case
studies as well as experimentation
C) generate
continuous data when subjected to external stimuli . . . believe the "black
box" represents the sub-conscious mind
D) respond
to input with predictable output . . . have filled the "black box"
with software
8) The two intertwined functions of consciousness are
____________ and _____________.
A) observing
. . . interpreting
B) monitoring
. . . controlling
C) preservation
. . . proliferation
D) cognition
. . . rationalization
9) Development is about____________ change.
A) reversible B) transformational
C) variational and transformational D) short term
10) Which of the following are the basic instruments that the neonate uses to build the mind?
A) Genes B) Stimuli
C) Maturation and Learning D) Sensory, motor, & relational action systems.
11) A psychologist who takes the view that development is continuous would be most likely to say
A) “Development occurs through a series of discrete stages.”
B) “Developmental change can be characterized as a succession of major reorganizations.”
C) “Development occurs gradually through an accumulation of quantitative changes.”
D) “There is no question that development is non-cumulative in nature.”
12) According to the Co-actionist (Dynamic Systems) view of development________ is the mechanism of development.
A) Nature B) Nurture
C) 70% nature and 30% nurture D) Action
13) The phase of action that modifies new environmental information to fit what is already known is called
A) Assimilation B) Accommodation
C) Equilibrium D) Equilibration
14) ‘Congenital’ or ‘preadapted’ means
A) present at birth.
B) present at birth & caused by biology.
C) present at birth & caused by the environment.
D) innate.
15) Which of the following are the basic instruments that the neonate uses to build the mind?
A Genes B) Stimuli
C) Maturation and Learning D) Sensory, motor, & relational action systems.
16) Imagine what it would be like to be a newborn human infant. You would probably be
A) totally helpless and confused. B) capable of making only a few simple responses
C) capable of sophisticated thought but not capable of expressing it.
D) capable of responding to and influencing your environment.
17) The prenatal period is divided into three stages: __________,
____________, and _____________.
A) gestation,
embryonic, and fetal
B) germinal, embryonic, and
fetal
C) embryonic,
fetal, and infantile
D) zygotal, embryonic, and
gestational
18) Research indicates that
infants can ___________ as early as _____________ after birth.
A) discriminate
colors . . . one week
B) identify sounds . . . one
week
C) recognize
shapes . . . two weeks
D) recognize their mothers . . . two weeks
19) An action system that underlies and modulates the neonates expression of activity, reactivity, emotionality, and sociability is called.
A) A scheme B) A mental operation.
C) Temperament C) An equilibration system.
20) The neonate is constructing his/her world through sucking and grasping and later by pushing and pulling. Piaget would call of these action sequences
A) schemes B) operations
C) accommodations D) symbols
21) Piaget had a keen interest in epistemology, the branch of
philosophy concerned with ______________.
A) the nature of knowledge
B) thinking about thinking
C) environmental
influence on cognition
D) prenatal cognitive
development
22) Piaget proposed that children develop knowledge by constructing reality ____________________ .
A) out of their own
experiences
B) from
cultural influences
C) according
to a physiologically predetermined timetable
D) all of the above
23) “What would this country be like if there were no racial tension?” A child who is in the __________ stage would be MOST able to speculate about this question and generate several possible answers.
A) sensorimotor B) preoperational
C) concrete operational D) formal operational
24) The stage at which the child first come to recognize that objects have a permanence that is independent of the child’s actions and awareness is the__________stage.
A) sensorimotor B) preoperational
C) concrete operational D) formal operational
25) The stage at which the child’s thinking is most marked by egocentrism is the__________stage.
A) sensorimotor B) preoperational
C) concrete operational D) formal operational
26) In an exercise, a pre-school aged child is asked to sit at a
table that holds a display of three mountains.
Also seated at the table will be a teddy bear.
When asked "what does the teddy bear see?" prior research leads
us to predict that the child will likely indicate that the bear
_____________________.
A) cannot
see
B) sees from the child's
perspective
C) sees
the child
D)
sees the mountains from his own perspective
27) According to your text, when asked which of two candy bars is
bigger—a long thin one or a short, thick one—a preschooler is likely to
____________________.
A) pick
the shorter, thicker one, even though they both contain the same amount of
chocolate
B) pick
the longer one, unless the other has a more pronounced texture
C) pick
whichever one is lighter in color, regardless of size and shape
D) pick
the longer one, even though they both contain the same amount of chocolate
28) A symbol is any object or event that
A) Stands for another object or event.
B) Stands for another object or event and is detached from it.
C) Anticipates another object or event.
D) Can be put into words.
29) The manipulation of symbols defines
A) Language. B) Thinking
C. Cognition D) Mental Structure
30) The very young infant’s memory is
A) based on signals B) based on symbols
C) explicit D) declarative
31) Parents who do not take child’s intentions, wishes, desires, level of mind into consideration; who try to shape behavior; and who believe the child must adjust to parents standards are described as taking a _________________parenting style
A) Authoritarian B) Permissive
C) Authoritative D) Neglecting
32) Fear is a
A) background emotion B) primary emotion
C) secondary emotion D) underlying
33) If Piaget’s theory is about the cognitive dimension of mind then Erik Erikson’s theory of development is about
A) the psychosexual dimension of mind
B) the biological dimension of mind
C) the unconscious dimension of mind
D) the motivational and affective dimensions of mind
34) The basic crisis for a child between the ages of 2 and 4 has been identified by Erikson as
A) autonomy vs. shame B) trust vs. mistrust
C) initiative vs. guilt D) competence vs. inferiority
35) According to your text, two important features of Erikson's
model of lifespan development are that it _____________, and that it integrates
biology, psychology, and culture by grounding development in biological
maturation and changing social demands.
A) is gender blind
B) is culturally sensitive
C) is age sensitive
D) is gender sensitive
36) Children who have difficulty during the _______________ stage
may develop a tyrannical conscience that is always berating them, or they may
become rigid and constricted.
A) industry
versus social inferiority
B) initiative versus guilt
C) autonomy versus shame and doubt D) basic trust versus mistrust
37) John Bowlby understands the bond between infant and caregiver as a reflection of a ___________ that has the goal of maintaining a closeness or proximity with the primary caregiver.
A) reflex system B) psychosexual system
C) mental system D) psychosocial system
38) At ___________, children begin to demonstrate separation
anxiety, distress at separation from their attachment figure.
A) birth
B) six to seven months old
C) two to three years old
D) about age five
39) Bowlby proposed that infants develop __________, or mental
representations of attachment relationships, that form the basis for
expectations in close relationships.
A) ideal
models
B) social role models
C) internal
working models
D) attachment models
40) According to your text, socialization is
______________________.
A) a unidirectional process in
which parents instill in their children values and beliefs
B) a process which must
be introduced within an appropriate critical period
C) not, from an evolutionary
perspective, a process for which humans are biologically prepared
D) a transactional process in
which children participate
41) The stage of attachment at which the infant maintains proximity to discriminated primary care giver figure both by signaling and also by locomotion (moving towards) is called the ________phase
A) INITIAL PRE-ATTACHMENT B) ATTACHMENT-IN-THE-MAKING
C) CLEAR CUT ATTACHMENT D) GOAL CORRECTED PARTNERSHIP
42) There are several forms of identity that the child constructs during development. The identity that is established in adolescence most involves
A) a crisis and commitment B) the constancy of a concept
C) a label D) mirror recognition
43) Ted and Alice's teenage daughter, Natalie, has asked them for
permission to attend a weekend party at the beach house of a friend's parents.
Because the party is overnight and this is a friend of their daughter
whom they do not know especially well, they've decided to withhold their
consent. They inform Natalie of their decision, and the reasons for it.
Natalie explains that her friend's parents will chaperone the party and
alcohol will be strictly prohibited. Ted
and Alice decide to reconsider, and tell Natalie they'll give her their final
decision before Friday. Diana Baumrind would most likely describe Ted and
Alice's parenting style as _______________.
A) transactional
B) authoritative
C) authoritarian
D) permissive
44) Preschool studies have found that the most independent,
inquisitive, and social children usually have ____________ parents.
A) abusive
B) authoritative
C) authoritarian
D) permissive
45) An important social-cognitive skill that develops throughout
childhood and adolescence, and probably beyond, is _____________, the ability to
understand other people's viewpoints.
A) perspective
taking
B) empathy
C) sympathy
D) projection
46) In order to move away from egocentrism and toward the ability
to represent another person's mind in one's own, an individual must develop a
_______________ - an implicit set of ideas about the existence of mental states,
such as beliefs and feelings, in oneself and others.
A) theory
of mind
B) self-concept
C) value system D) socialization model
47) Kohlberg’s ‘Post-Conventional’ or ‘Principled’ morality occurs at which of Piaget’s stages of cognition.
A) sensorimotor B) preoperational
C) concrete operational D) formal operational
48) The stage of moral judgment which Piaget called the
_____________ is typical of school children before the age of
nine or ten, and was described by Piaget as one of conformity to societal
rules which are viewed as immutable.
A) morality
of cooperation
B) morality of constraint
C) conventional morality D) postconventional morality
49) According to Kohlberg, at the first level of moral development, preconventional morality, children ___________________.
A) self-define principles which may or may not match the dominant morals of the times
B) follow rules in order to avoid punishment or obtain reward
C) define what is right by what they have learned from others, especially authority figures
D) justify their moral action based on the need to maintain law and order
50) Shame is an emotion that first appears at Piaget’s _____________ stage.
A) sensorimotor B) preoperational
C) concrete operational D) formal operational
51) There are several forms of identity. Person or reflective identity occurs at Piaget’s ___________ stage.
A) sensorimotor B) preoperational
C) concrete operational D) formal operational
52) Fear first appears at which of the following Erikson stages?
A) trust vs. mistrust B) autonomy vs. shame & doubt
C) initiative vs. guilt D) competence vs. inferiority
53) Several forms of ‘self’ emerge during development. The ‘conceptual self’ first appears during Piaget’s ______________stage
A) sensorimotor B) preoperational
C) concrete operational D) formal operational
54) Several forms of ‘self’ emerge during development. The ‘conceptual self’ appears at the beginning of Bowlby’s ______________ phase
A) INITIAL PRE-ATTACHMENT B) ATTACHMENT-IN-THE-MAKING
C) CLEAR CUT ATTACHMENT D) GOAL CORRECTED PARTNERSHIP
Answers: 1D 2B 3A 4C 5A 6B 7D 8B 9C 10D 11C 12D 13A 14A 15D 16D 17B 18D 19C 20A 21A 22A 23D 24A 25B 26B 27D 28B 29B 30A 31A 32B 33D 34A 35B 36B 37C 38B 39C 40D 41C 42A 43B 44B 45A 46A 47D 48B 49B 50B 51D 52A 53C 54DAns D