Ideologies and Participation -- the Building
Blocks of Political Analysis (Ch. 10-11)
Range of ideologies
-
Conservative
-
includes religious fundamentalism (many religions)
-
Liberal
-
positive want government to help people
-
negative - minimize the government, emphasize freedom, liberty; secular
-
Socialisim
-
Leninist, Vanguard Party, dictatorship (of proletariat)
-
Fabian, democratic socialism
-
African (or Burmese) socialism
-
Fasism
-
tightly organized society by profession
-
nationalism, racism
-
strong leader
-
Anarchism -- against government, authority
People see themselves with specific identities -- leads to "identity
politics"
Forms of Participation
-
speech, writing
-
voting (organized by political parties, unions
-
demonstrations
-
weapons of weak (songs, avoidance, smuggling, tax avoidance)
-
conclusion: not highly institutionalized or structured
Range of political patterns
-
Mexico - post-revolution > one party dominant system > democratization
(?)
-
Peru - suppression of revolution, elections, indigenous identity, "flash
parties"
-
Nigeria - ethnic tensions, religious tensions, chercez la petrol, military
periodically in power
-
Zimbabwe - ethnic issues, economic issues, poverty, move towards single
party
-
Iran - Islamic state politics, generation gaps
-
Turkey - Ataturk, secularism, military-civilian cycle, the "Kurdish question"
-
Indonesia - national unity out of diversity, military in control and out
of control
Bottom line: we don't study third world politics by analyzing their
constitutions. Institutions are fragile. We have to look a patterns
of behavior.