THE POLITICS OF POVERTY



Prof. Gary Mucciaroni                                                                      Mr. Justin Gollob
442 Gladfelter Hall                                                                           440 Gladfelter Hall
215+204-6195                                                                                215+204-7258
gmucciar@temple.edu                                                                       jgollob@astro.temple.edu
Office Hours: Tues, 3-5pm                                                               Office Hours: Weds, 1-2:30pm

        This course examines the causes, politics and public policies related to the problem of poverty in the United States. The course is divided into three parts. Part I addresses the nature and causes of poverty. Where is poverty more prevalent and who experiences it? Why does poverty exist? Is poverty rooted in the structure of the economy and society, a "culture of poverty" among people who are poor, or in government policy? Part II addresses the political aspects of poverty. What do public opinion polls reflect about American beliefs and attitudes about those who live in poverty and efforts to help them? How does media coverage shape public opinion? How can social programs be designed to maximize public support for them? What organizations advocate on behalf of those who experience poverty? How do legislative and bureaucratic institutions shape and limit what can be done to help them? How do people who are poor convert their needs into demands on government? How does the design of different welfare programs affect the ability of welfare clients to participate in the programs and clients’ perceptions of agency responsiveness? What is the impact of clients’ perceptions of agency responsiveness and what is likely to happen if they challenge agency decisions? What political forces and actors brought about the fundamental changes in welfare policy legislated in the 1990s? Finally, in Part III we look at whether government should and can do anything about poverty. What have been the impacts of the welfare reform law adopted in 1996? Has it succeeded in reaching its goals of reducing the welfare rolls and helping welfare recipients become self-sufficient? Has it helped in bettering the lives of people who experience poverty broadly? What alternative policies might be effective in ameliorating poverty and the political obstacles to adopting them? How can social insurance, tax, education, employment and minimum wage policies be designed to reduce poverty?

        These questions are addressed in a conventional seminar-style format as well as in an experiential learning component under Cooperative Education, in which students will serve internships in governmental and non-profit organizations that are involved in delivering services and advocating on behalf of people who are disadvantaged.

PS 153: Requirements for the Politics of Poverty:

Three credits are earned through completion of PS153: The Politics of Poverty. The seminar meets on Wednesdays from 2:40-5:00pm. The grade for the seminar is broken down as follows:

Reaction Papers*                                                             20%
Oral Report on Internship Organization**                          20%
Attendance and Participation in Seminar Discussions***    30%
Take Home Examination (due at end of semester)              30%

* Each week students are responsible for turning in a reaction paper based on the assigned reading. These assignments are part of the preparatory work that students should do for their final exam and for the weekly seminar discussions. they should be no longer than one page and are due at the beginning of the seminar session. These essays should "react" to, rather than simply restate the reading. Make an effort to analyze the main argument and respond to it on the basis of your knowledge or experience. Reaction papers longer than one page will not be accepted.

**Towards the end of the semester each student is required to make an oral presentation of 10-15 minutes concerning their internship experience and their evaluation of the organization for which they worked.

***Students are expected to contribute to weekly seminar discussions, particularly the discussions of required reading assignments.
 

Requirements for PS 372/373, Cooperative Education:

Three credits are earned by serving an internship. The grade for this part of the course will be constituted as follows:

Journal and Log of the Internship (at least one page per week working in the internship)* 30%
Research Paper on your particular organization (due at end of semester)**   40%
Work Requirement (verified by the Teaching Assistant at 8-10 hrs. per week)  30%

* The Journal and Log are to be submitted to Mr. Gollob every second week of the semester, beginning on January 29th. Work Plan due on January 29th, Mid-Semester Report due on March 5th, and Final Site Summary due at end of semester.

** Approximately 10 pages that should address the following issues: the history, purposes and specific goals of the organization, the clientele that it serves, the principal activities that it undertakes, how it relates to other organizations and individuals in its environment, and how effective it has been in meeting its goals. Include any relevant information that is included in the two handouts entitled "Understanding the Culture of your Organization" (1) and (2). For further information, see Mr. Gollob.

Students must submit assignments on time. If you cannot complete an assignment on time for a catastrophic reason, an extension may be granted if such an extension is requested at least 24 hours before the due date of the assignment. The due date of an assignment is too late to ask for an extension. If someone is turning in an assignment for you, be sure to make an extra copy for yourself and to instruct that person to take the paper to the Political Science Department Office and have a secretary sign the paper attesting to the day and time it was turned in. Late reaction papers will not be accepted for any reason.
 

Partial List of Readings

Available at Zavelle’s Bookstore, 1520 North Broad St.:

William Julius Wilson, The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy.
Barbara Ehrenreich, Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America.
Charles Murray, Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950-80
Joe Soss, Unwanted Claims: The Politics of Participation in the U.S. Welfare System.
Martin Gilens, Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy.
Benjamin I. Page and James R. Simmons, What Government Can Do: Dealing with Poverty and Inequality.
 

Schedule of Seminar Topics and Assigned Readings:

# means that the reading is only available on reserve at Paley Library.

Jan 22  Introduction and Organization of the Course
Orientation for Interns

Part I  The Problem of Poverty and Its Causes

Jan 29  How many People Experience Poverty? Who Are They?

     Reading:     Page and Simmons, Chapter 2.
                       Timothy M. Smeeding, Lee Rainwater and Gary Burtless, "U.S. Poverty in a Cross-
                       National Context," in Sheldon Danziger and Robert Haveman, eds., Understanding
                       Poverty, chapter 5.#

Feb. 5  The "Working Poor"

     Reading:     Ehrenreich, entire.

Feb. 12 Conservative Explanations for Poverty
 

     Reading:    Murray, entire.
                      Robert Greenstein, "Losing Faith in Losing Ground," The New Republic (March 25,
                        1985), pp. 12-17.#

Feb. 19 Liberal Explanations for Poverty

     Reading:     Wilson, chapters 1-4.
                        John Yinger, "Housing Discrimination and Residential Segregation as Causes of
                        Poverty," in Sheldon Danziger and Robert Haveman, eds., Understanding Poverty,
                        chapter 5.#
 

Part II. The Politics of Poverty

Feb. 26         The Politics of Poverty: An overview

                     Reading:   Page and Simmons, chapter 3, pp. 61-75, chapter 9, pp. 300-308.
                                    Wilson, chapters 5-7
                                    Theda Skocpol, "Targeting Within Universalism: Politically Viable Policies
                                    to Combat Poverty in the U.S.," in Christopher Jenks and Paul
                                    Peterson, eds., The UrbanUnderclass, pp. 411-459.#

Mar. 5  The Politics of Poverty: Public Opinion

                     Reading: Gilens, chapters 1-4.

                        Spring Break

Mar. 19 The Politcis of Poverty: Mass Media

                     Reading: Gilens chapters 5-9.

Mar. 26 The Politics of Welfare Provision

                     Reading: Soss, chapters, 1-4.

Apr. 2  The Politics of Welfare Provision

                     Reading: Soss, chapters, 5-8.
 

Part III.  Public Policies: Welfare Reform and Beyond

Apr. 9  The Politics of Welfare Reform

                    Reading: TBA

Apr. 16 Implementation and Impacts of Welfare Reform

                    Reading: Demetrios Caraley, "Ending Welfare As We Know It," Political Science
                                  Quarterly, vol.116 (Winter 2001), pp. 525-560.# http://www.psqonline.org
                                   The CQ Researcher, "Issues, Viewpoints, and Trends," Welfare Reform,
                                    edited by Ann Chih Lin, chapter 1.#
                                   Isabel Sawhill, et. al., "Results to Date"; Isabel Sawhill, et. al, Problems
                                    and Issues forReauthorization,"; Ron Haskins and Wendell Primus,
                                    "Welfare    Reform and Poverty," and "Robert Moffitt, "From Welfare to
                                    Work: What the Evidence Shows," in Isabel Sawhill, eds, et.al,
                                  Welfare Reform and Beyond, chapters 2, 3, 7 and 9.# chs. 2 and 3 online
                                    at http://www.brook.edu
 

Apr. 23     Beyond Welfare Reform: Other Policies for Attacking Poverty

                 Reading: Page and Simmons, selected chapters TBA.

                                Final Exam Handed Out

Apr.30      Wrapping Up

                 Reading: Same as for Apr. 23rd

                        Internship Paper Due

                        Oral Presentations

May 7      Wrapping Up

                        Final Exam Due

                        Oral Presentations